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HVAC Engineering Note: Adicot, Inc. is not accepting new HVAC Engineering Design clients at this time, but we are accepting Energy Code Compliance Calculation projects for Large Scale Projects. Click here to learn more. ​ Adicot, Inc. is a woman owned HVAC/Mechanical Engineering Firm specializing in commercial, industrial, retail, medical, and multi-family projects. We are well versed in the Florida and International Energy Conservation Codes, ASHRAE Standards, and ACCA Manual S & J procedures. Our knowledge and experience allow us to work accurately and efficiently in every design. ​ At Adicot, Inc., we prioritize energy efficiency and occupant comfort in our mission. We foster a collaborative environment, working closely with architects, contractors, and developers to ensure an optimized HVAC system design. Our commitment to excellence extends beyond duct design, encompassing energy code compliance documentation and cooling load calculations, addressing every aspect of your HVAC Engineering needs. We are dedicated to delivering high-quality and sustainable solutions that will surpass your expectations. ​ As a trusted engineering firm, Adicot, Inc. boasts a wealth of experience and a proven track record of success. Our unwavering dedication to client satisfaction ensures we tailor our services precisely to your requirements, enhancing your building performance. Trust Adicot, Inc. for all your HVAC/Mechanical Engineering needs, and experience the difference that our expertise, innovation, and commitment can make in optimizing your building systems. ​ Contact Us

Ohm's Law with Power Calculator RELATED CALCULATORS: kW, HP, BTU, Ton... Unit Converter Temperature Converter EER SEER2 COP HSPF2 kw/Ton Converter Adicot, Inc.'s Ohm's Law with Power Calculator is a versatile tool for calculating electrical parameters. This calculator efficiently determines Power, Voltage, Current, and Resistance using Ohm's Law, a fundamental principle in electrical engineering. Professions that benefit from this calculator include electrical engineers, technicians, electricians, and hobbyists working with electrical systems. It proves invaluable during circuit design, troubleshooting, and equipment maintenance. Electronics professionals find it helpful in designing and analyzing electronic devices and systems. Adicot, Inc.'s Ohm's Law with Power Calculator is a comprehensive and user-friendly tool. Calculating Power, Voltage, Current, and Resistance, aids in various applications, from circuit design to optimizing energy systems. Instructions: Enter two input values: Voltage, Current, Resistance, and Power. Entering more than two input values will cause the results to be unreliable. Click the Calculate Button, and the results will appear in the Results table. ​ Methodology: I = V/R V = sqrt (PxR) I = P/V V = P/I I = SQRT (P/R) V = IxR ​ P = VxI R = V/I P = I^2R R = V^2/P P = V^2/R R = P/I^2 Ohms Law

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kW, HP, BTU Unit Converter Adicot, Inc.'s online calculator converts kilowatts (kW) to horsepower (HP), BTU/h to tons, or any other combination of units, our calculator has got you covered. Our user-friendly calculator allows you to quickly and accurately convert units with just a few clicks. The calculator also offers a wide range of units, including kW, HP, BTU/h, tons, and more. Adicot, Inc.'s online calculator is an efficient and effective solution for anyone looking to simplify the process of unit conversions. Whether you're working in the HVAC industry, engineering, or any other field that requires frequent unit conversions, our calculator can help you save time and improve accuracy. Try it out today and experience the benefits for yourself! ​ Instructions: Review the methodology to make sure it aligns with your project's requirements. Enter the value of the unit to convert Select one of the following unit types: Btu/hour​ foot pound-force/hour horsepower kilowatt MBH pound-foot/hour ton (refrigeration) watt The Results table will calculate and auto-populate all the conversions. RELATED CALCULATORS: Heating and Cooling Equip Efficiency Converter Ohms Law Temperature Converter Duct Size Calculator kW, HP, BTU Unit converter

Condensat e Converter Adicot, Inc.'s Condensate Convert Calculator is a handy tool for engineering, manufacturing, and science professionals. Convert moisture measurement units, such as latent Btu/hr and kW, Pints Per day, gallons/hr, and liters/hr, with ease using this online converter. Make accurate calculations for your projects and experiments with the Condensate Converter. ​ Instructions: Review the methodology to ensure it aligns with your project's requirements. Enter the input value Enter one of the following Units of the input value: BTU/h, gallons/hr, Pints/day, Pounds/hr, Watts, or Kilowatts Click the Calculate button The results appear in the Results window ​ ​ Methodology: The following conversions are used in this calculator: ​ BTU/h = Pints/day x 1.04 lb/pint / 24 hrs/day x 1055 BTU/lb 1 kW = 3412.142 BTU/hr 1 kW = 1000 W 1 Gallon = 8 pints = 3.78541 liters 1 Gallon of water = 8.34 lbs RELATED CALCULATOR: DEHUMIDIFIER SELECTION CALCULATOR Use this calculator to select a dehumidifier. Enter units of BTU/h, pints/day, or kW. The results list possible dehumidifier solutions. Condensate Converter Adicot, Inc. makes no guarantees to the accuracy of these results. © Adicot, Inc. 2023

Present Value & Future Value Calculator (Engineering Economics) RELATED CALCULATORS: Break Even Calculator Capital Gains Estimator Present Value Calculator and Future Value Calculator Instructions: Select the value for which you want to solve: Future Value (FV) Present Value (PV) Uniform Series (A) Enter at least one of the following inputs: Future Value (FV)​ Present Value (PV) Uniform Series (A) Gradient Series (G) Enter both of the additional inputs: Interest Rate per Period​ Number of interest periods Click the Calculate button. The results will be displayed at the bottom of the table. Methodology, Equations, and Examples: ​ Engineering economics is a specialized field of economics that strategically applies economic principles to the decision-making process within engineering projects. It encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the costs and benefits of different alternatives, with the ultimate aim of evaluating their financial viability. The primary objective is to identify the most economically efficient solution that maximizes benefits while minimizing costs. One of the key pillars of engineering economics is recognizing and considering the time value of money. This concept acknowledges that the worth of money fluctuates over time due to factors such as inflation and the potential for interest or investment returns. Consequently, a dollar received or spent in the future holds a different value than one received or spent today. Engineering economists employ various tools and formulas to precisely assess the financial impact of time, including the future value formula, present value formula, compounding periods, present value (PV), future value (FV), present value calculator, and future value calculator. ​ The future value formula is employed to determine the projected value of an investment or cash flow at a specific time in the future, accounting for compounding periods. This formula considers the initial investment or present value (PV), the interest rate, and the number of compounding periods to calculate the future value (FV) of the investment. By utilizing the future value formula, engineers can estimate the potential growth of an investment over time. ​ Conversely, the present value formula calculates the current worth of an expected future cash flow or investment. It considers the future value (FV), the interest rate, and the number of compounding periods to compute the present value (PV). This formula is crucial in determining the current value of future benefits or costs associated with engineering projects. ​ Engineers frequently employ present and future value calculators to simplify these calculations. These tools enable precise assessments of the worth today (present value) or the projected value in the future (future value) of cash flows or investments. Engineers can make informed decisions based on accurate financial evaluations using such calculators. Engineering economics combines economic principles with engineering project decision-making. It involves assessing costs and benefits, considering the time value of money, and utilizing formulas such as the future value formula and present value formula. Furthermore, using compounding periods, present value calculators, and future value calculators enables engineers to evaluate the financial viability of alternatives and determine the optimal solution for their projects. ​ The terms used in this calculator are defined as follows: ​ A - Annual Worth or Equivalent Annual Cost F - Future Value G - Gradient (or Gradient Series) i - Interest Rate (or Discount Rate) n - Number of Time Periods P - Present Value ​ Here are the formulas used in the Engineering Economics Calculator, along with examples for each: ​ Compound Amount (F/P, i, n): The compound amount formula (F/P) calculates the future value of a present sum of money after compounding at a given interest rate for a specific number of periods. ​ To find F, given P: (F/P, i, n) F = P(1+i)^n ​ Example: If you invest $5,000 in a savings account with an annual interest rate of 5%, how much will you have after 10 years? ​ F/P = $5,000 x (1 + 0.05)^10 = $8,144.47 ​ ​ Present Worth (P/F, i, n): The present worth formula (P/F) computes the current value of a future sum of money that will be received or paid at a future date, discounted back to the present at a given interest rate. ​ To find P, given F: (P/F, i, n) P = F(1+i)^(-n) ​ Example: If you expect to receive $10,000 3 years from now, and the discount rate is 4% , what is the present value of that amount? ​ P/F = $10,000 x (1 + 0.04)^-3 = $8,889.96 ​ ​ Series Compound Amount (F/A, i, n): The series compound amount (F/A) formula determines the future value of equal cash flows invested or received at regular intervals over a specific period at a given interest rate. ​ To find F, given A: (F/A, i, n) F = A [ ( (1+i)^n - 1) / i ] ​ Example: If you invest $500 at the end of each year for the next 8 years with an interest rate of 8% , how much will you have at the end of 8 years? ​ F/A = $500 x [((1 + 0.08)^8 - 1) / 0.08 ] = $5,318.31 ​ ​ Series Present Worth (P/A, i, n): ​ The series present worth formula (P/A) calculates the equivalent present value of equal cash flows received or paid at regular intervals over a specific period at a given interest rate. ​ To find P, given A: (P/A, i, n) P = A [ ((1+i)^n - 1) / (i (1+i)^n ) ] ​ Example: You will receive $1,000 at the end of each year for the next 5 years, and the interest rate is 7%. What is the present value of this cash flow series? ​ P/A = $1,000 x [ (( (1 + 0.07)^5-1) / (0.07 (1 + 0.07)^5)] = $4,100.20 ​ ​ Sinking Fund (A/F,i,n): ​ The sinking fund factor (A/F) calculates the regular payments (or deposits) needed to accumulate a specified amount of money in a fund at a future time, with a given interest rate. It is commonly used to plan for the replacement or upgrade of an asset. ​ To find A, given F: (A/F, i, n) A = F x i / [ (1+i)^n - 1 ] ​ Example: You want to accumulate $10,000 in a sinking fund over 5 years with an annual interest rate of 6%. Using the sinking fund formula, you can calculate the regular payments required: A/F = $10,000 x 0.06 / [ (1 + 0.06)^5 - 1] = $1,773.96 ​ ​ Capital Recovery (A/P,i,n): The capital recovery factor (A/P) calculates the equal periodic payments required to recover the initial investment and cover the interest costs over a specific period. ​ To find A, given P: (A/P, i, n) A = P [ i (1+i)^n / ((1+i)^n - 1) ] ​ Example: You need to recover an initial investment of $50,000 over 10 years with an annual interest rate of 8%. Using the capital recovery formula, you can calculate the equal periodic payments required: A/P = $50,000 x [0.08 (1+0.08)^10 / ((1+0.08)^10 - 1) ] = $7,451.47 ​ ​ Compound Gradient (F/G): The compound gradient factor (F/G) calculates the future value of a series of increasing or decreasing cash flows that compound at a given interest rate. ​ To Find F, given G: (F/G, i, n) F = G x [ (1+i)^n - 1 - ni ] / i^2 ​ Example: Suppose you have a series of cash flows that increase by $2,000 every year for 8 years, and the interest rate is 5%. Using the compound gradient formula, you can calculate the future value of the cash flows: F/G = $2,000 x [ (1 + 0.05)^8 - 1 - 8 x 0.05 ] / 0.05^2 = $61,964.36 ​ ​ Discount Gradient (P/G): The discount gradient factor (P/G) is used in engineering economics to calculate the present worth of a series of cash flows that change over time. It considers both the time value of money and the gradient, which represents the rate of change of the cash flows. ​ To find P, given G: (P/G, i, n) P = G x [ ((1+i)^n - in - 1) / ((i^2) (1+i)^n ) ] ​ Example: Suppose you have a series of cash flows that increase by $2,000 every year for 8 years, and the interest rate is 5%. Using the compound gradient formula, you can calculate the present value of the cash flows: ​ P/G = $2,000 x [ (1+.05)^8 - 0.05 x 8 -1) / (( 0.05^2 x (1+0.05)^8) ] = $41,939.91 ​ ​ Arithmetic Gradient Uniform Series (A/G): ​ The Discount Gradient (A/G) formula in engineering economics is used to calculate the present worth or future worth of a series of equal annual cash flows that change by a constant percentage or gradient over time. ​ To find A, given G: (A/G, i, n) A = G x [ ((1+i)^n - in -1) / (i (1+i)^n - i) ] ​ Example: Suppose you are considering a project that will generate an increasing annual cash flow with a constant gradient of $2,000 per year for a duration of 8 years. The interest rate for the project is 5% per year. ​ A = $2,000 x [ ((1+ 0.05)^8 - 0.05 x 8 - 1) / (0.05 x (1 + 0.05)^9 - 0.05) ] = $6,489.02 ​ Find F/P Find F/A Find P/A Find A/F Find A/P Find F/G Find P/G Find A/G Click for an Example: Find F/P Find F/A Find P/A Find A/F Find A/P Find F/G Find P/G Find A/G

Dehumidifier Selection Calculator Instructions: Review the methodology to ensure it aligns with your project's requirements. Enter Units: Pints/day, BTU/h, or kW Use Slider to select the required capacity. A list of dehumidifier options will populate the table. In the results table, clicking on one of the "Manufacturer & Model" buttons will bring you to the manufacturer's specification sheet. RELATED CALCULATOR: CONDENSATE CONVERTER CALCULATOR Converts between units of BTU/h, Pints/day, Gallons/hr, l/hr, etc. Jump to Methodology & Equations Methodology & Equations Methodology & Equations: ​ Although dehumidifiers are rated in units of Pints/day, engineers must often select dehumidifiers given the latent load in either BTU/h or kW. Using Adicot's calculator, you can enter the dehumidifier capacity in Pints/day, BTU/h, or kW. Regardless of your input, this calculator will select a dehumidifier based on the methodology and equations below. This calculator was developed out of necessity due to the limited number of tools engineers have to size dehumidifiers. This calculator is recommended to be used as a preliminary equipment selection tool, and the final equipment selection should be verified with the manufacturer and engineer. ​ The calculator selects dehumidifier(s) based on the manufacturer's rated Pints/day capacity. Users can enter the capacity in Pints/day, Btu/h, or kW. ​ If the user enters the capacity in Btu/h, the calculator first converts that capacity to Pints/day using the equation: Pints/day = BTU/h / 1.04 lb/pint x 24 hrs/day / 1055 BTU/lb Example : The space has an excess latent load of 4,100 BTU/h. Convert this value to Pints/day ​ Pints/day = 4,100 BTU/h / 1.04lb/pint x 24 h/day / 1055 BTU/lb = 90 Pints/day ​ Similarly, if the user enters the capacity in kW, the calculator first converts that capacity to pints per day using the equation: ​ Pints/day = kW x 3412.142 BTU/h / kW / 1.04 lb/pint x 24 hrs/day / 1055 BTU/lb ​ Example : The space has an excess latent load of 1.2 kW. Convert this value to Pints/day ​ Pints/day = 1.2 kW x 3412.142 BTU/h / kW / 1.04lb/pint x 24 h/day / 1055 BTU/lb = 90 Pints/day ​ The pints per day are then compared to the manufacturer's literature to provide a list of matching dehumidifier(s). The dehumidifiers shown will meet and/or exceed your entered capacity.

Site Terms User's Responsibility ​ Adicot, Inc.'s calculators s are intended for professionals. The engineer(s) designing these calculators use their best efforts to provide accurate results. Adicot, Inc. makes no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, concerning the information contained on this website. The information presented on this website shall be used by professionals who understand the implications of the results. If professional services are required, please consult a licensed professional engineer in your location, as building codes differ based on differing jurisdictions. The author and publisher shall not be liable in the event of damages of any kind in connection with, or arising from, the use of the information contained within this website. Privacy Policy ​ The Commercial Work Order and Residential Work Order have "Send" Buttons. When you click the "Send" button, all information is saved on Spreadsheetserver's secure server and shared with Adicot, Inc. Information submitted through the Contact page or Let's Chat! is stored in Wix's Ascend app secure server and shared with Adicot, Inc. The technical calculators use cookies to store your information regardless of if you select to submit. This information is stored on Spreadsheetserver's secure server and is used solely for your benefit. Adicot, Inc. will only see all information entered in the Residential Work Order and Commercial Work Order if the "Send" button is clicked. No other information from any other calculators is provided to Adicot, Inc. You can control your data by not entering sensitive information into the Contact page, a chat session, or the calculators. We do not use any information you provide for marketing, and we never share your information with anyone. Adicot, Inc. has no affiliate relationships. ​ ​ Accessibility Statement This is an accessibility statement from Adicot, Inc. Measures to support accessibility Adicot, Inc. takes the following measures to ensure the accessibility of Adicot, Inc. Include accessibility throughout our internal policies. ​ Conformance status The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) define requirements for designers and developers to improve accessibility for people with disabilities. It defines three levels of conformance: Level A, Level AA, and Level AAA. Adicot, Inc. is not assessed with WCAG 2.1 level AA. Not assessed means that the content has not been evaluated or the evaluation results are unavailable. Feedback We welcome your feedback on the accessibility of Adicot, Inc. Please let us know if you encounter accessibility barriers on Adicot, Inc.: Contact us through our Contact Page We try to respond to feedback within one business day. ​ Compatibility with browsers and assistive technology Adicot, Inc. is designed to be compatible with the following assistive technologies: Our calculators work best on desktop browsers. They are also accessible from phones and tablets. Adicot, Inc. is not compatible with the following: The formatting of some calculators may be challenging to use or read on some phones and tablets. Technical specifications Accessibility of Adicot, Inc. relies on the following technologies to work with the particular combination of web browsers and any assistive technologies or plugins installed on your computer: HTML These technologies are relied upon for conformance with the accessibility standards used. Limitations and alternatives Despite our best efforts to ensure the accessibility of Adicot, Inc., there may be some limitations. Below is a description of known limitations and potential solutions. Please contact us if you observe an issue not listed below. Known limitations for Adicot, Inc.: Limitations of software: Some of the software we use for our calculators limits our ability to incorporate accessibility measures because we cannot control the limitations of our software vendors. We continually strive to make our HVAC calculator accessible to as many as possible. Please contact us if you run into an accessibility issue. ​ Assessment approach Adicot, Inc. assessed the accessibility of Adicot, Inc. by the following approaches: Self-evaluation Date This statement was created on 13 February 2023 using the W3C Accessibility Statement Generator Tool .

COOLING LOAD BALLPARK ESTIMATOR Cooling Load Sanity Check Instructions: Review the methodology to ensure it aligns with your project's requirements. Select US or Metric Units. Enter the project area. Select the building type from the dropdown menu. We encourage you to try different building types to see the full possible range of cooling loads and to better hone in on the correct result for your project. The results will appear in the table. RELATED CALCULATORS: Air Mixing Calculator Condensate Generated Duct Size Calculator Psychrometric Calculations Methodology: The calculator computes the Occupants, Lighting, and Refrigeration based on the building type and the building's square footage. Some building types will result in a range of results, while some will provide singular results for lighting, occupancy, and refrigeration. We encourage you to review the Building Type list and try different building types to understand the possible range and hone in on the best result for your project. Welcome to Adicot's Cooling Load Ballpark Estimator, where precision meets practicality. This powerful tool is designed to quickly and reliably estimate cooling load requirements for various spaces. Whether you're an HVAC professional, an architect, or a building owner, our calculator offers a quick way to get a pre-design ballpark estimate of your cooling load before a full analysis has been performed or to compare with your load calculation results. The calculator is not intended to replace a proper load calculation but instead gives an insight into a range of what other buildings of the same type have historically installed for refrigeration, occupancy, and lights and equipment. These estimates do not consider any of the customary inputs used in a load calculation; for example, building materials efficiencies, geographic location, building orientation, number of windows, etc. When using this calculator, consider that as buildings become more efficient and lighting and equipment become more efficient, the watts and tons will trend lower. This information was adapted from ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook and other various sources.

HVAC Calculators Converters/Reference General Calculators Air Change Rate Calculator ​ Air Mixing Calculator Fluid Mixing Calculator Coil Selection Calculator Reheat/Heating Coil Sizing Calculator **NEW** Cooling Load (Sanity) Check Commercial Kitchen Exhaust Hood (ASHRAE) Condensate Rate Calculator Condensate Pump Sizer Dehumidifier Sizer Moisture Removal Unit Converter Duct Size Calculator Diffuser Size Calculator FPM to CFM Converter Psychrometric Calculator Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) Wind Pressure on Mechanical Equipment CLTD Roof Number & Wall Number (ASHRAE) ​ EER SEER COP Converter ​ kW, BTU, HP, Ton, lbf Ohms Law with Power Calculator ​ Temperature Converter Window SH-# Sizer U-Factor & SHGC Code Defaults Forms Energy Form: Commercial Residential ​ Work Order: Commercial Residential Break-Even Calculator Engineering Economics / Present & Future Value Capital Gains Estimator ​ Interpolation - Bilinear Interpolation - Linear ​ Picture Hanger Height ​ Circle Area & Circumference **NEW** Links AHRI Certified Product Performance ​ ASCE 7 Online ASHRAE Climate Design Conditions ASHRAE Online Handbook ATC Wind Speed by Address Florida Building Code (FBC) International Building Code (IBC) Texas Building Code We are always updating out HVAC Widgets - Bookmark this site and come back often.

Fluid Mixing Calculator RELATED CALCULATORS: Air Mixing Calculator Condensate Generated Duct Size Calculator Psychrometric Calculations

SH Window Size Chart Converter ​ Instructions: Select the window Size Code The single-hung window sizes for Frame Size, Masonry Opening, and Clear Opening Size will populate the table. ​ Note that egress windows are denoted with an "*" Window Size Chart Converter Architects and Engineers often use an abbreviated nomenclature to denote the size of single-hung windows. Measurements seem to vary slightly given different manufacturers, so this calculator should be used as a general guide for window frames, masonry openings, and clear opening sizes. For the most accurate results, verify the actual dimensions with the manufacturer. RELATED CALCULATORS: Heating and Cooling Equip Efficiency Converter U/SHGC Default Values Temperature Converter Duct Size Calculator